Program Design and Narrative Essay Example for Free

Program Design and Narrative Essay To achieve the objectives for our Healthy Pomona Kids Partnership program, the city of Pomona will utilize the methods outlined below. These methods have been proven effective by the Healthy RC Kids Partnership for the city of Rancho Cucamonga, where their client population is Latino. Representatives from this organization assisted in the development of this project and we have also provided an in depth timeline to this proposal. Objective One See more: how to start a personal narrative essay examples Ensure that children from low income families have access to fresh and nutritious foods in before and after school programs. †¢Healthy Pomona Kids Partnership will hire a program supervisor and two fulltime bilingual program assistants to establish a community outreach committee. †¢Appoint four community outreach committee leaders that are culturally competent, with two of the leaders needing to be bilingual. †¢Staff will develop a plan for local farmers markets and community gardens. Objective Two Educate families on the importance of good eating habits and the dangers or risks pertaining to childhood obesity; to promote healthy eating and reduce childhood obesity. †¢Staff will coordinate weekly health classes to educate and promote healthy living. †¢Staff will develop a formal feedback system so voices and concerns can be heard. †¢Staff will track participant’s progress on a weekly basis. Objective Three Engage community leaders and local police to help residence feel safer in their community to encourage exercise. †¢Staff will develop group walks within the community to meet three times a week. †¢Encourage local leaders to build walking trails.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Meet with local schools to educate students about the benefits of exercise.

Climate Change and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Essay example -- greenhouse gas

Since the industrial revolution, scientists have documented a trend of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the main greenhouse gas. This observation has been an issue of major environmental concern in the view of the potentially devastating effects of climate change on ecosystems and human survival. Recent studies by scientists led by Wei-Jun Cai have served to underscore this fact by showing that the Arctic region and the globe are faced with a major climate challenge due to the continued melting of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. This research has indicated that the major concern is the increasing heat absorption as deeper ocean water layers get exposed to sunlight as well as the possible loss of white ice reflectivity or the albedo (An Ice-Free Arctic Ocean Will Not Absorb More CO2, n.d).This paper discusses the recent observations that Arctic Ocean basin do not have an indefinite ability to continue acting as a CO2 sink when conditions are ice-free caused by the escalating warmer temperatures. It is worth noting that sensitivity to climate changes in the Arctic is considered the highest on the Earth’s surface. In addition, the region experiences more pronounced acidification than any other ocean. Recent decades have seen the Arctic Ocean experience a steady increase in the rate of sea ice melt. According to Cai, et al. (2010), this has been especially so in the light of the indications of the three summers from 2007 to 2009. The recent research by Cai et al. has been built on the postulation that more and more CO2 would be absorbed from the atmosphere under ice-free conditions in the Arctic Ocean. Therefore, the research investigates the impact of sea ice melt on the concentration of CO2 on the surface water of the Ar... ...temperatures will continue causing ice melt in summer. Consequently, the surface water carbon dioxide partial pressure will continue to increase, further reducing the ability of the CO2 sink to take up more CO2. The high-resolution survey further points to the fact that the future will see an increased air-sea CO2 flux. This is due to the exposure of more area of sea water as well as long periods when the Arctic Ocean surface will be subjected to ice-free conditions. Though this is expected, the capacity of the CO2 sink in the Arctic Ocean to continue taking up CO2 is predicted to weaken due to equilibration of pCO2 of surface water with the atmosphere. The survey highlights four major factors which facilitate this equilibrium. These include low CO2 fixation, surface warming, shallow mixed-layer depth, and strong stratification of surface water (Cai, et al., 2010).

The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act

Section 1 of the 14th Amendment of the U. S. Constitution affords due process to every individual within its jurisdiction. This goes to show that whoever is in the U. S. territory, whether they are here legally or illegally, are afforded due process of law.The Illegal Immigration reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIR) made way for transformations in the system of the US Immigration laws generally pertaining to the improvements and control of entry into the US, intensified enforcement and penalties of laws with regards to aliens in the region, restrictions against their employment and benefits, and other miscellaneous provisions. The immigration laws of today can be enforced by the local and state police. They have the general power to investigate and arrest violators of federal immigration statutes.In this manner, the people can directly contact the police in case they suspect any illegal alien in their vicinity and the local police can check into it. In fact, after the September 11 bombings, there was a speedy detention of aliens suspected of terrorist activities or ties. (Malkin, 2002) One agency that enforces immigration laws is the Department of Homeland Security. Among the major policy changes since 9/11 is that local and state law enforcement agencies, along with their federal counterparts, are being required to use strict criteria in seeking out and detaining illegal immigrants (Pluvoise-Fenton, 2003).Alien Absconder Apprehension Initiative involved entering the names of fugitive alien absconders into the FBI’s National Crime Information Center database. It focused on absconders from a list of countries designated as terrorist supporting states. These individuals became the subject of a nationwide effort to apprehend them. The aim was for the immigration laws in the country to be better enforced as it were before. (Ziglar, 2004) It is therefore a program designed to bag those people that were released from custody and were initial ly apprehended for illegally entry.However, instead of being sent back to their home country, they were released with a date to show up in court. Having no legal status whatsoever, these people simply did not show up, leaving the government to put up efforts on finding them. The S visa is given to aliens who aid the US law enforcement in the investigation, arrest, and prosecution of criminals involved in illegal or terrorist activities. This was pursuant to The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 which paved way for the creation of the â€Å"S† category in visas.If the immigrant gives certain information that is material to the success of the investigation, they then become qualified to adjust the status of their immigration. Reference Malkin, Michelle, (September 2002). The Deportation Abyss â€Å"It Ain't Over ‘Til the Alien Wins†. Center for Immigration Studies. Statement of James W. Ziglar to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon The United States (January 26, 2004).

What Does The Bible Say About Abortion Essay - 954 Words

Applied Worldview Abortion is a major issue in our culture. It has divided our country for over four decades. Families and individuals are affected, as well as the whole of society. People on both sides of the issue passionately campaign for their position. â€Å"Abortion On Demand and Without Apology!† is the current mantra of those who support abortion. They are most often labeled pro-choice. â€Å"Stop Abortion Now!† is the mantra of those who oppose it. They are most often labeled pro-life. What does the Bible say about abortion? The Bible does reveal God’s position on this issue. As Christians, we must turn to Scripture for the answers to the questions surrounding abortion and make them know to the world around us. In his article, Christian Worldview Development, Hans M. Weerstra says, â€Å"Worldview issues with the great questions of ultimate reality need to be answered by God’s Word, according to His reality, so that the values and beliefs we hold as His people would be thoroughly Christian.† As Christians, we should tackle the subject of abortion and all other issues of our day with dialogue built on God’s Word. In his article Hans M. Weerstra also says, â€Å"The inspired Scriptures need to be the source of our life and light (knowledge and understanding) in order to give us the answers to the ultimate questions of life.† It cannot be stressed enough that we approach this issue from a Christian perspective. Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood said, â€Å"The mostShow MoreRelated abortion: right or wrong? Essay746 Words   |  3 Pageson weather abortion is right or wrong. It often becomes a controversy. One way of arguing it is with Kerby Anderson’s â€Å"A Biblical View of Abortion.† Another is with Richard J. Hardy’s â€Å"The Right to Choose.† And lastly is Rachel’s, an anonymous writer from msngroups.com, â€Å"Abortion the Murder of Innocence.† Each of theses controversial articles are to objectively present different view or perspectives of abortion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kerby Anderson’s â€Å"A Biblical View of Abortion,† shows theRead MorePro-Life Side Of Abortion. Abortion Is The Ending Of Pregnancy1540 Words   |  7 PagesPro-life side of abortion Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive outside the uterus. An abortion can either happen through a miscarriage or a medically induced termination of pregnancy. The two sides of abortion are the pro-life side, which is against abortion, and the pro-choice side, which supports it. Abortion should not be legal with the exception of some cases of rape and health risk to the mother. The unborn person should have the rightRead MoreAbortion Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesOn January 22, 1973 abortion was legalized in the U.S., all 50 states. That is when everything changed the way people thought; the way people acted, and treated themselves. Most people then though it was okay for abortion to take place since it was legalized, which is not the case. My view on abortion is different than the way others may view it. Abortion to me is harmful, extremely horrible, and very saddening. Many may use it as an escape route and think it is okay but it’s not, you’re killingRead MoreOpinion on Abortion Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesOpinion on Abortion Abortion is when a foetus is expelled from its mothers womb before the pregnancy reaches full term (usually 40 weeks). The abortion act says that a woman can have an abortion if the pregnancy would put her in danger, or if the baby was so handicapped that it could not survive independently and it would have no quality of life. The act also says that these reasons for abortion are accepted whereas a woman who simply did not want another child wouldRead MoreThe Teachings About Abortion and the Sanctity of Life that are Found in the Bible1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe Teachings About Abortion and the Sanctity of Life that are Found in the Bible An abortion is the premature expulsion of a foetus from the womb, which may be induced or natural, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage. Abortion was legalised in 1967 and before then around 200,000 backstreet illegal abortions took place each year. For Christians, the topic of abortion is a problem as it raises many difficult issues. As it is an issue that concerns lifeRead MoreEssay on Abortion: A Religious Issue1359 Words   |  6 Pages Abortion: A Religious Issue nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the toughest issues to debate in our world today is abortion. Abortion is the induced termination of pregnancy before the fetus can survive. Nowadays, abortion affects all people, not just the mother and the baby. There are moral, ethical, health-related, political, and religious aspects that affect how people feel towards abortion. By looking at religion and its views, one can see just how hard it would be to argue in the pro-choiceRead MoreAbortion: A Woman Has to Right to Choose Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesmost controversial situations in the United States is abortion. A couple of decades ago when abortion was illegal, thousands of woman died for attempting to terminate the child’s life themselves or with unprofessional help. On January 22, 1973, in the Roe v. Wade case, Supreme Court legalized abortion in all 50 states. This has saved thousands of woman’s lives and should remain legal. There are different definitions for this issue. â€Å"Abortion is the forcible removal of a developing baby from theRead More Reconstruction In The South Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pages Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mothers womb. This can be done by almost anyone from the mother herself to back alley abortions and even to abortions by clinics set up especially for this purpose. There are two sides to this abortion topic the PRO-LIFERead MoreShould Abortion Be Permissible?1238 Words   |  5 PagesWhether abortion is legalized or illegal, abortion is Immoral (Presidential debates) Abortion is a very delicate issue that we heard about a lot the last two years from the political debates of our country. Many people from the democrat and the republican parties had repetitively debated whether or not an abortion should be tolerable or not tolerable. Some considered that ending the life of a human fetus is very bad and should no t be permissible at all. Republican Party alleged that abortion is likeRead MoreAbortion is a Sin Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is one of the most controversial social issues in today’s society. Over forty two million abortions are performed each year on legal and illegal grounds and one-hundred and fifteen thousand daily around the world. Abortion throughout human history has been practiced in every culture on earth. In primitive societies abortion was carried out by using sharp sticks or putting sheer pressure on women’s torsos. The result of which was vaginal bleeding. The greatest cultures which this world had

Antisocial Personality Disorder The Big Five - 846 Words

Antisocial Personality Disorder The American Psychological Association (2015) definition of personality is â€Å"differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.† There are five broad domains of personality called the Big Five, which includes agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism. Each of these factors yields a cluster of characteristics called personality traits, which are a â€Å"combination of inherited characteristics and learned responses† (Comer, 2014). A personality disorder is a fixed â€Å"pattern of inner experience and outward behavior† (Comer, 2014) that is considered extreme, impairing, or remarkably different from what would be considered normal behaviors, thoughts, and experiences. The predominant characteristic of an antisocial personality is a general pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. All other traits of the disorder appear to stem from this disregard. There is a significant amount research supporting both genetic and environmental theories, which suggests that disorders of personality are caused by genetic abnormalities, and that the presence of these abnormalities creates an extreme response to environmental triggers, leading to the development of a personality disorder. Approximately 2% to 3.5 % U.S. adults meet the criteria for antisocial personality disorder (APD) (Comer, 2014). A diagnosis can be made at age 18 years. Most persons with this diagnosis have a history ofShow MoreRelatedThe Big Five Model Application1236 Words   |  5 PagesThe Big Five Model. The Big Five model is broken down into five dimensions, including; openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Openness includes those who are open to experience and are intellectually curious, they may also be open to emotion, and willing to try new things. Conscientiousness individuals display self-discipline, act loyally, and aim for achievement against measures or outside expectations. Additionally, it is related to the way in which individualsRead MoreThe Effects Of Sociopaths On The Criminal Justice System Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesinteresting phenomenon to the outside world. What most people don’t know is that sociopaths usually suffer from some spectrum of Antisocial Personality Disorder. According to Grohol (2016), Differences Between a Psychopath vs Sociopath, sociopath and psychopath are both categorized as antisocial personality disorders. Deceit and manipulation are main features to this personality disorder. An associate professor of Psychology and Neuroscience from the University of New Mexico, and a District Judge from DenverRead MoreAnalysis Of Capital Murder Trial744 Words   |  3 PagesIn this article, Edens and Cox suggest that the prosecution in capital murder trials produce evidence regarding antisocial personality disorder, sociopathy, and psychopathy. ASPD, sociopathy, and psychopathy all have a long history in the criminal justice system. Mental health experts are called in to evaluate the suspect during sentencing, to determine future violent behaviors, and if there is any potential for rehabilitation. In their research, they found little systematic research on how muchRead MoreTwins and Genetics Essay examples1315 Words   |  6 Pagestwins from similar environments do not differ on a trait, then that trait is assumed to be influenced more by environment. In the adopting method, behavioral geneticists study children adopted shortly after birth. By comparing their abilities and personality traits to those o their adoptive family members with whom they live and those of their biological parents whom they may have met, researchers can disentangle the effect of heredity and environment (Plomin et al., 1988). Adoptive research has assembledRead MoreDoes Cavum Septum Pellucidum Increase Levels of Psychopathy? Essay examples2618 Words   |  11 Pageswith a particular neurodevelopmental marker would have greater levels of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder than controls. There are numerous hypothesis of the origin of psychopathy and antisocial personality including neurodevelopmental, genetic, brain injury, and impaired bonding, to name a few. This novel study sought to provide support for the hypothesis that antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy has a neurodevelopmental basis. The specific marker of interest in this researchRead MoreTruman Capote s A Cold Blood Makes A Great Case For Justice1719 Words   |  7 Pagesof the most influential family in the area, causing mass hysteria for everyone in Holcomb and for others who are involved in the case is unquestionably too short. However, is the death penalty fair for both of them, considering Dick had a mental disorder and Perry had a terrible upbringing? This brings us to a bigger, broader question: to what extent does the law and judgement system achieve their main purpose: bringing justice to everyone? One of the two murderers in the book, Richard Hickock, saysRead MorePersonality Analysis of Marilyn Monroe by Using Trait Theories1078 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality Analysis of Marilyn Monroe By Using Trait Theories Marilyn Monroe, whose real name is Norma Jeane Mortenson, was born on June 1, 1926 in Los Angeles, California. She was American actress, singer and model. She also was one of the most famous movie star, the sex symbols and pop icons of the 20th century. Despite her an unhappy, difficult childhood she got succeed during her short life period. She worked minor roles for years. Then, she showed her comedy ability, appearance on televisionRead MoreThe trait perspective and the ten personality disorders Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesOne of the major theoretical areas in the study of the personality is the trait perspective. It suggests that individual personalities are comprised of broad dispositions, and it identifies and measures the characteristics that they are made up of (Cherry). The trait perspective helps to identify a person’s personality type (Myers). This perspective focuses on the difference between individual personalities and the traits that shape them. A trait is a stable characteristic that causes an individualRead MorePsychology, Trait Theory And The Study Of Human Personality Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesIn psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion.[1] According to this perspective, traits are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are shy), and influence behavior. Traits are in contrast to states which are more transitory dispositionsRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1664 Words   |  7 PagesHyperactivity Disorder Crystal Sluss Psychology 231 March 7, 2015 â€Æ' Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a developmental disorder. ADHD is a difficult obstacle to overcome, but is not impossible. Many people are diagnosed with this disorder every day. It affects more than three percent of American children. Common symptoms include Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity. The causes are not completely clear, there have many things that have been linked to the disorder. There are

Belgium Cultural Analysis Essay - 4639 Words

I. Introduction II. Brief Discussion of Belgium’s relevant history III. Geographical Setting a. Location - between France (S) and Holland (N); Germany and Luxembourg (E); and North Sea (W) b. Climate - Belgium has temperate weather, warm in summer (May to September) and cool to cold in winter, with snow very likely. temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy c. d. Topography - The coastal region, extending about 16–48 km (10–30 mi) inland, consists of sand dunes, flat pasture land, and polders (land reclaimed from the sea and protected by dikes), and attains a maximum of 15 m (50 ft) above sea level. Eastward, this region gradually gives way to a gently rolling central plain, whose†¦show more content†¦The role of education in society a. Primary b. Secondary c. Higher d. The structure of the educational system consists of pre school (3-6 years); six years of primary school and six years of secondary school. Belgium has two systems of education: the state system and the private (mostly Catholic) system. Educat ion is free in both of these systems, and the curriculum is the same. There are four types of education: †¢General Secondary Education (ASO): general education; mostly theoretical that prepares students for higher education. †¢Art Secondary Education (KSO): Along with general subjects, students take visual arts, music, dance, drama, etc. A previous knowledge of the subject is required. †¢Professional Secondary Education (BSO): in this category students may choose from a selection of courses such a hairdressing, car mechanics, and sewing, among others. Students completing the 12th year level receive certificate of higher secondary education. This diploma is sufficient for higher specialized study: interpreting, architecture, technical engineering, pedagogy, etc. Only 16 17% of Belgian students graduate at this level. Education is considered very important in Belgium. Therefore standard are high and students take school veryShow MoreRelatedTransnational And Global Pers pectives1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe de-facto home of the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Belgium offers an unparalleled opportunity to immerse myself in Europe’s rich history, understand its contemporary struggles, and explore its multicultural identity. I propose study towards the Masters of European Studies: Transnational and Global Perspectives (MAES) at KU Leuven. By studying broader European diplomacy with the Middle East and Eurasia while also researching Belgian Islamic multiculturalismRead MoreCase: New Belgium Brewing717 Words   |  3 PagesCase 4: New Belgium Brewing One of the Nation’s third-largest craft breweries, based out of Colorado, New Belgium Brewing Company, Inc. (the Company). The Company was founded in 1991, a privately held corporation. Its first operation started off in the basement of Jeff Lebesch (founder). The Company prides itself on its branding strategies â€Å"triple bottom line† and social responsibility which focuses on economic, social, and environmental factors. New Belgium’s marketing strategy links the Company’sRead MoreEssay on New Belgium Case Study1713 Words   |  7 PagesNew Belgium Brewery 1) What environmental issues does the New Belgium Brewing Company work to address? How has NBB take strategic approach to addressing these issues? Why do you think the company has taken such a strong stance toward sustainability? New Belgium Brewing Company strives to take an environment friendly approach to their manufacturing process and facility, focussing on reducing their carbon footprint and energy usage. They were the first-ever American brewery to fully incorporateRead MoreCompany Analysis : Rivella Ag Essay944 Words   |  4 Pageswith the less physic and psychic distance first (Johanson and Valhne, 1977) as the company had done so far. According to Rivella’s actual foreign markets (Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Austria and French border), it was interesting to examine Belgium as a potential market given that this country is fully bordered by four of the five Swiss brand’s actual markets. Based on geographical distance criteria, other countries like the United Kingdoms, Italia and Denmark appears to be relevant potentialRead MoreDemography s Classic Transition Theory1464 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic aspects of a nation. Modernization under the political economy of reproduction would expand this to include the cultural and political aspects as well (Greenhalgh 1995: 5). In summary, the political economy of reproduction differs from demography theory on two fundamental factors: scope and the inclusion of social and political influences. Demography theory ignores the cultural effect of political structures such as colonization and modernization, allowing for them to paint demographic transitionRead MoreUnderstanding National Culture : Cross Cultural Management1500 Words   |  6 Pagestarget, it will proceed to explain these approaches one by one using different in business examples, discussing the main criticisms and concluding with the importance of these for international business. â€Æ' 2. - Approaches to National Culture Cross Cultural management explains the behaviour of people in organizations worldwide, helping managers and firms to understand how to act in business matters dealing with the different cultures. (Adler, 2008) Analysing it in depth, several theories exist but thisRead MoreUnderstanding National Culture And A Common Values And Attitudes Shared By A Particular Group Of Humans1603 Words   |  7 Pagesachieve this goal, I shall proceed to explain these approaches one by one using different business examples, discuss the prime criticisms and conclude with the importance of these for international business. â€Æ' 2. - Approaches to National Culture Cross Cultural management explains the behaviour of people in organizations worldwide, helping managers and firms to understand how to act in business matters dealing with the different cultures. (Adler, 2008) Analysing it in depth, several theories exist but theRead More The Importance of History Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge that records and analyzes past happenings. Focusing on the people involved in a time, place, and series of events makes history. It?s from social and cultural conditions as well as political and economical events. Within the topic of history, there is historiography which refers to the study of historical study. It is historical analysis examining the principles, theories, writings and uses of historical methods. History based on the past, or describing people who lived in the past or eventsRead MoreUnderstanding National Culture And How Relevant Is Important1209 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Index 1.- Introduction 3 2.- Approaches to National Culture 4 2.1.- Hall’s Context Culture Model (180) 4 2.2.- Hofstede s Cultural Dimensions Theory 5 2.3.- Trompenaars Model of National Culture Differences 6 3.- Conclusion 7 4.- Bibliography 8 â€Æ' 1.- Introduction According to Hofstede definition, it is possible to develop the idea of national culture as a culture for a particular group of humans that includes systems of values and is passed down between generations by learning. (HofstedeRead MoreGerman And United Kingdom : Primary Influential Factors1589 Words   |  7 Pagesare formed to â€Å"push through† policies (Decker and Best 2011). Although political systems vary country to country, there are a variety of historical, cultural and institutional factors that must also be considered when observing government formation. In addition to this dual motivation of political parties, the following are essential in an analysis of the principal influential factors: fragmentation within the party system, investiture vote, recognition rules, political culture, and portfolio allocation

Comparing and Applying Theories of Development free essay sample

Let’s take a look at all three and compare some of their similarities, as well as a few differences and then we can look at how these and other theories are used to analyze and evaluate the development of a child. Sigmund Freud was a pioneer of his field. His Psychoanalytic theory was the first theory of modern psychology. Although some of Freud’s ideas have been discarded, most of them still influence the world of psychology today. According to Freud, human development is shaped by unconscious forces that motivate human behavior (Paplia Olds, et al, 2006). Our awareness of the world around us is stored in our conscious mind; and our unconscious mind stores painful repressed memories, urges, feelings, or thoughts which is difficult to access. Freud believed that personalities consist of three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id dwells in the unconscious part of our mind and is responsible for our pleasure principle. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing and Applying Theories of Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The superego also dwells mostly in the unconscious mind and is accountable for our knowledge of right and wrong. Accountable for our reality pleasure is our ego, which is located in our conscious mind and is what we use to mediate our deepest selfish desires with the outside world. â€Å"According to Freud, an individual’s behavior is a result of all three interacting with one another, working together as a team under the leadership of the ego. † (Roeckelein, 1998) For instance, when a teenager desires to skip school so they he can party with his friends, his superego tells him that he will get in trouble if he does, so his ego decides to go against skipping school, but makes plans to party with his riends that weekend so that his id is still satisfied. Freud also believed that children go through three different stages of personality development in the first 5-6 years of age called psychosexual stages. In each stage a child’s fulfillment shifts from oral to anal to genitals. If gratification is not achieved in any of these stages, the person will develop a fixation and end s up being stuck in that stage of development like in the case of smokers, whom according to Freud, have an oral fixation. Freud developed the idea that people create defense mechanisms such as displacement (a way in which one diverts their feelings of anger from the person whom caused the emotion to another person or object), compensation (overcoming feelings of inadequacy in one area by excelling at another), or rationalization (looking for suitable explanations to justify our behavior). They use these mechanisms in order to cope with stressful and painful experiences. (Witt Mossler, 2010) Erik Erickson was an apprentice of Sigmund Freud. He developed the Psychosocial Theory of development. He also believed that the unconscious mind influenced behavior; however, he opposed the sexual aspect of development. According to his theory there are nine stages of human development. Trust vs. mistrust which occurs between birth and about 1 year old. The child must learn to trust his or her parents, but must be balanced with a sensible amount of mistrust so as not to become naive. The virtue learned is hope. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is the second stage which occurs between the ages of 1-3 years old. Next is initiative vs. guilt which is usually occurs in 3-5 year olds. Children in middle childhood go through the industry vs. nferiority stage which begins around the age of 5 and continues until adolescence around 12 years old; and teenagers fall into the identity vs. confusion stage. Those in the intimacy vs. isolation are young adults between the ages of 18-25. Generativity vs. stagnation is the stage for older adults and is characterized with the desire to give back. Most peo ple in this stage are between 25-65 year olds. Integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair are the last two stages of life development, and they both are for those over the age of 65 years old. Each stage is like a test with a potential of passing or failing and the outcome f results is growth and a learned virtue or stagnation. A person will stay stuck in their current stage for however long it takes until the virtue is learned although there are accepted age approximations. (Witt Mossler, 2010) An example of stagnation is when a woman in her thirties still acts like a teenager. Jean Piaget, a psychologist from Switzerland, also believed in stages of development; however he focused on cognitive development, mostly in children. Although Piaget’s theory has received some criticism, mostly in regards to underestimating the cognitive development of children, he has influenced psychology in a enduring way. Piaget defines operational as a mental routine that transforms information so it can be used. Operational routines include the use of logic by classifying, subdividing, recognizing parts of a whole, counting, and reversibility. † (Witt Mossler, 2010) According to Piaget, certain behaviors occur only when children reach the appropriate maturational stage and that four of those stages exist: sensorimotor (birth-2 years old), preoperational (2-7 years old), concrete operational thought (7-12 years old), and formal operational thought (12+ years old). In each stage, a child will adapt to a new situation by using an inborn ability (Paplia Olds, et al, 2006) process in which we integrate new information into a pre-existing mental structure (building blocks of thinking as mental units) called schemes. (Mitchell, P. , 1992. p12) He called this process assimilation. Later if the child learns something new about a previous assimilation experience, the child adds the latest information to the current knowledge, modifying the current mental structure based on experiences. He called this adaption of knowledge accommodation. For instance, when a baby cries, he soon realizes that only his parent’s respond to his cry and not just anyone. There are three key concept similarities between Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory and Erik Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory. First of all, they both fall under the developmental perspective of psychoanalysis, which means that they both view development as shaped by unconscious forces that motivate human behavior. Additionally, they both believed that children go through stages of development and that each stage offers omething to learn in order to grow, or a danger of failure. Lastly, they both agree that when a stage is not mastered, its likely that they will be stuck in that stage of growth by developing a fixation according to Freud, and according to Erickson will be emotionally stagnant. In contrast, here are a few significant differences between Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory and Erik Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory. First o f all, the most noteworthy difference is Erickson’s departure from the sexual emphasis of development that so strongly influences Freud’s point of view. Although he agrees that unconscious mind influences personality development, he believed that heredity and the environment were more influential than sexual urges. Another major disagreement is that Freud believed that the genital stage begins during adolescence and continues throughout adulthood. Adults remain influenced sexually by their urge for genital gratification which is the driving force for all their afflictions compared to Erickson whom believed that human development is continuous, and that people go through four more stages of development after the adolescent stage. Furthermore, Erickson emphasized a possibility for a healthy ego development through the stages. It suggested that people have some control of their development, which unlike Freud, â€Å"believed that people spend their entire lives trying to conquer the demands of the id. † (Witt Mossler, 2010) There are also a few similarities between Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory and Piaget’s Cognitive Stage Theory. Once again, just like Erickson, Freud and Piaget agreed that development occurs in stages and both of them mostly focus on child development. Another similarity is that they also both have had a major impact on the field of psychology. Freud was the Father of modern psychology while Piaget remains the most influential cognitive psychologist. Also, their theories have both received considerable criticism, but they still continue to influence the world of psychology significantly. On the other hand, there are a number of differences between Psychoanalysis and the Cognitive Stage Theory. The main difference is that they both fall under different developmental psychological perspectives, so they actually view growth and maturity differently. Freud analyzes personality and emotional development; whereas, Piaget examines cognitive development. Another difference is that Freud emphasized sexual urges as the driving force for all humans, but Piaget believed that people were influenced by the current stage of their cognitive develop. Furthermore, Piaget did not recognize the unconscious mind influences that Freud considered. He favored observable, testable measurements in human development. Comparing similarities between Erik Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory and Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Stage Theory is a difficult task. The differences are much more apparent. The reason is because they fall under two separate perspectives in the field of psychology just like comparisons between Freud and Piaget. Nevertheless, a couple of agreements they both had are that heredity and environment are important in human development; and that life development occurs in stages. That is where the similarities end. The most obvious disagreements are parallel to the comparisons between Freud’s and Piaget’s theory. For instance, like Freud, Erickson studies personality and emotional development; while, Piaget tests cognitive development. In addition, Erickson and Freud believed that an immense amount of development is influenced by the unconscious mind, unlike Piaget whom does not validate the significance of the unconscious. The last difference is that Piaget’s theory focused on child development but Erickson’s theory included four more stages of human development which continues throughout adulthood. When analyzing the development of children, we can use the above theories, as well as others to predict the progress of the child, and compare them with other children in their age group. In order to help a child reach full potential, it is important that doctors, parents, and educators know the normal rate of development. This is estimated by using developmental theories, and then applying research based studies that test the accuracy of those theories. As a child grows and learns, an assessment of their abilities can determine what stage of development the child is in, and whether or not they are developing normally. If a child appears to be learning and growing at a slower rate than other children in that current theoretical stage, then ction can be taken to accommodate the child and give them more consideration through different programs that have been constructed for children with learning disabilities. However, if a child appears to be developing at a faster rate, then their gifts can be encouraged and cultivated through the utilization of accelerated enrichment programs. In order to consider a child’s development as correctly as possible, one must consid er all aspects of growth which includes cognitive, physical, and emotional characteristics of maturation. Physical development relates to the growth and maturity of the body and brain which includes the increase in motor skills and brain development. Cognitive development is associated with the progress of logic and reason and increases in vocabulary usage. Emotional development deals with the development of feelings and emotions, but also includes the development of morals and beliefs. Although each category examines distinct types of human development, they are not separate. For example, advances in cognitive abilities have been found to coincide with the child’s physical brain development and growth (like during brain growth spurts). Another instance is that a child’s physical maturity affects his/her emotional well being (like when an adolescent is a late bloomer, it can cause them to have a low self-esteem). As psychologists analyze a child’s development, they must take into account all three aspects of development because of their impact on each other and then apply them to the psychological theories of development in order to properly assess and encourage a child’s possible potential. Sigmund Freud was a patriarch of modern psychology and Jean Piaget remains the most influential cognitive psychologist. Comparisons of the three theories discover that they are all similar in some ways, but also can be vastly different. Although Piaget and Freud have received a considerable amount of criticism for their ideas and parts of their theories were eventually discarded, they both continue to have a significant influence on the world of Psychology today.